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SDB 04-02-2026

Spardha Daily Brief - 04/02/2026

Spardha IAS

Excellence Through Practice

Environment • Down To Earth

Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage (CCUS)

Budget 2026-27 Update

Outlay of ₹20,000 crore announced for CCUS development over the next 5 years.

CCUS involves capturing $CO_2$ from industrial point sources like power plants, cement factories, and refineries before it reaches the atmosphere.

Net Zero Aim

Key for "hard-to-abate" sectors

Post-combustion

CO₂ is separated from flue gases after fuel is burned. Ideal for existing plants.

Pre-combustion

Fuel is converted to gas ($H_2$ + $CO_2$) before combustion. Used in IGCC plants.

Oxy-fuel

Fuel burned in pure oxygen; resulting flue gas is mostly $CO_2$ and water vapor.

Economy • Budget 2026

Securities Transaction Tax (STT)

Hike on F&O Trading

Budget 2026-27 proposes an increase of up to 150% in STT on Futures and Options transactions to curb excessive speculation.

What is STT?

A direct tax levied on the purchase and sale of securities (equity, derivatives, units of equity-oriented mutual funds) on recognized stock exchanges.

  • Introduced in 2004 via the Finance Act.
  • Levied on transaction value, not on gain/loss.
  • Collected by the Central Government via exchanges.

Applicable on:

Equity Delivery Intraday Trades F&O Derivatives Mutual Fund Units

Exemptions:

Off-market transactions, Commodity derivatives, and Currency derivatives are currently not under STT.

Social Justice • Indian Express

PM-POSHAN Scheme

22 States and Union Territories have approached the Centre demanding an increase in the honorarium for cooks and helpers who implement the daily school feeding program.

11.80 Cr

Children Covered

11.20 L

Schools Reached

60:40

Funding Ratio (General)

Science • Breakthrough

Aluminium Phosphide (Celphos)

ILE Therapy

PGIMER Chandigarh's life-saving breakthrough

Aluminium phosphide is a highly toxic inorganic compound used as a fumigant pesticide for stored grains. It releases Phosphine ($PH_3$) gas when exposed to moisture.

Fatality: 50-70%
New Antidote Strategy
Future Tech • AI Agents

Moltbook: The Bot-Only Network

Over 32,000 bots have joined Moltbook, a Reddit-style platform where AI agents interact without human control.

Autonomous interaction
API-driven growth
Machine-to-Machine
Infrastructure • Uttar Pradesh

Railway Budget: Uttar Pradesh

Total Allocation

₹20,012 Cr

Up from ₹19,858 Cr in FY 2025-26

New Bullet Train Corridors:

Delhi - Varanasi

3h 50m Proposed Time

Varanasi - Siliguri

2h 55m (via Patna)

Strategic Significance

  • 1

    Creates a new economic belt connecting Delhi-UP-Bihar-WB.

  • 2

    Boosts regional trade, tourism, and healthcare accessibility.

  • 3

    Major push for station redevelopment and passenger safety.

Quick Facts

🌿

World Wetlands Day

"Wetlands & Traditional Knowledge"

Celebrated on Feb 2 to mark the Ramsar Convention. Highlights community-led conservation. 🌊

🌱

Kerala: NeophytelD

AI-Powered Citizen Science

Tracks invasive plants using YOLOv11 model. Supports ecosystem planning in local languages. 📱

🏦

YES Bank New Leadership

RBI approved Vinay Muralidhar Tonse as MD & CEO. He succeeds Prashant Kumar for a 3-year term. 👔

Effective Feb 3

"The roots of all goodness lie in the soil of appreciation for goodness."

— Dalai Lama

© 2026 Spardha IAS. Prepared for Civil Service Aspirants.

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2 Comments

  1. very amazing layout for easy learning

    ReplyDelete
  2. Yes, it is very good to read current affair in short Format

    ReplyDelete

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